This study, conducted in 2020 by Groupe URD on behalf of DG ECHO, analyses the environmental footprint of humanitarian assistance. The report looks into both operational and programmatic approaches of areas spanning the greening of offices through to what type of seeds to distribute in livelihood programmes. The report also examines multi-dimensional approaches ranging from the global (e.g. CO2 emissions) to the local (e.g. water table depletion) with indirect, short and long-term impacts. Acknowledged by Groupe URD is that environmental issues can be cross-sectoral including the supply chain and cash transfer programmes, or they can be sector-specific (Shelter, WASH, Health, etc.) and  therefore the report highlights the importance to acknowledge adopting multi-pronged approaches in addressing environmental protection.